john f



Uivrrlao STATES yPATENT OFFICE.,

JOHN F. JONES,OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER AND PAPER BOARDS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,265, dated October 13, 1863.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, JoHN F. JONES, of the city of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new an'd useful improvements in machinery for the manufacture of paper and of the various kinds of boards produced from brous substances; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being` had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this speciication, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of two oors of a paper-mill, showing a longitudinal vertical section of my machinery. Fig. 2 is aplan of the machinery on the lower door. Fig. 3 is a plan of al portion of the machinery on the upper floor. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section in the plane indicated by the line m x in Fig. l, Fig. 5 is a vertical section of my improved save-all.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several .gures The objects of my invention are to econornize room, to save labor, and to prevent waste of stock in the manufacture of paper and of such boards as are produced from iibrous materials. y

My invention consists, principally, in the construction and arrangement of two or more cylinder-molds in such manner as to deliver their webs of pulp one upon another, for the purpose of being pressed together to form a board of a required thickness, and in the arrangement of drying and calendering appaatus for drying and calendering such board while in a continuous length, and before it is cut into sheets, so that theboard is made and finished ready for the market at onecontinnous operation. The same arrangement ot' machinery may by very slight additions be adapted for the manufacture of several distinct and separate webs ot' paper at the same time.

It also consists in a certain novel system of troughs or spouts connecting pipes and valves, whereby a properly regulated supply of pulp and water to each of the severa-l machines and the carrying away of the back-water therefrom are provided for.

It also consists in the employment, in canibination with two or more paper-making machines, combined as described, or with a single machine, of an improved savealh coinposed of a vat for the collection of the backwater from the machine or machines, a reticulated cylinder, like that of a cylinder papermaking machine, working in the said vat for the extraction ot the pulp from the water, a coucher for receiving the pulp from the said cylinder, and a scraperror reir oving the pulp from the coucher and depositing it in a suitable receptacle; and it further consists in certa-in arrangements of the press-rolls, and of the drying-cylinders and calendering-rolls for drying and calendering either boards or paper.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

The drawings represent seven single-cylinder machines arranged and combined either to manufacture boards or paper. A A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 are the vats, arranged side by side at short distances apart, and supported at some distance above the lower floor of the mill in a suitable framing, B B, erected on said floor.

O O2 O3 C4 O5 G5 O7 are the rotating reticulated cylinders or cylinder-molds, which may be of the usual or any suitable construction, and packed at their ends in the usual or any suitable manner.

D D, Fig. 2, are the pumps, one for each vat, for drawing water from the cylinders, having their suction-pipes a a connected with the vats, and their delivery-pipes b b connected with an l elevated horizontal or slightly-inclined covered spout, E, which extends along the back of the whole series of vats. This spout E is divided by transverse partitions into a number of compartments corresponding with the number of vats, and its several compartments are connected with the several vats, one with each by means of pipes m, for the return to the vats of as much as desirable of the backwater which has been drawn out by the pumps and forced up into the said spout.

F is the stuff-chest, containing the pulp for the supplyot' the vats; and Gis an open spout running from the stuft-chest along the back of the whole series of vats, with pipes c leading to the several vats. This spout Gr is fitted nearI the stuff-chest F with a gate, d, connected by a lever, c, with a float, j', which is l junction with the spout G with gates or valves l1, IL, adjustable by hand to regulate the quantity ot' pulp passing from the said spout to the vats, and the said pipes connect with the pipes m of their respective vats, so that the pulp and the returned back-water enter the vats together and the back-water keeps the mouth ofthe pulp pipe clear.

H, Figs. 2 and 4, is a pipe running all along the back of the whole series ot' vats, and receiving water under a suitable pressure from an elevated reservoir or by other means, t'or the supply of the two series of shower-pipes ij', and the first-mentioned series of showerpipes t' are arranged to throw showers 'upon the several cylinders in the same manner as the shower-pipes ot' other cylinder paper-makingmachines, and the other series,j, are arranged opposite the rotary felt-beaters t t, to wash the felts l lL 13 l4 l5 I 17 of the several machines. y

' Directly' under the spout E before mentioned there is another covered spout, J, which also extends along the back of the whole series of vats, and this spout is connected with the several compartments of the spout E by a series of upright pipes, k, Fig. 4, one opposite to each vat, and each ofthese pipes 7c is fitted at its junction with the bottom ot' the spout E, with-a valve, l, which is attached to a lever, Z', and the said lever is connected by a rod, l2, with a float working in a box, Z3, attached to the back of and communicating with its respective vat, the object of' the said floats and valves being to regulate the height of the water in the several vats. While the water remains below a certain level in any one of the vats.l the weight of its respective tloat keeps its' respective valve closed, and prevents the water in the spout E from running down the pipe 7c, opposite to the said vat, and so keeps vup the supply of returning back-water through its respective pipe m, but when the water rises up to or above that level the loat is raised, and the valve thereby opened to permit the water to escape from the spout E into the lower spout, J, whence it escapes to the save-all.

K K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 are the couchers, applied in relation to the cylinders as in other cylinder paper-making machines, and having the endless felts l l2 l3 I4 I5 l6 I7 running round them in the usual manner. In order to obtain the requisite length for the felts, and yet bring the vats A A2, Svc., very near together, the felts are severally arranged to pass down between their respect-ive vats and the next vats in advance of them, and to run back and forth one, two, or more times under the latter,-

as shown in Fig. 1, and it is to permit this arrangement of the felts that the vats are raised some distance from the loor instead of being placed directly upon the Hoor, as has heretofore been the common practice.

n n n n are the carrying-rolls, carrying the t'elts.

U are the felt-beaters, arranged vbelow the vats opposite the shower-pipesj j.

L L2 L3 L4 L5 L(i L7 are the wet press-rolls, and M M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 the second pressrolls, suitably arranged with respect to the felts. The latter rolls are covered with felt.

p are carrying-rolls arranged in the same frames, p', in which the couchers are arranged.

q are carrying-rolls arranged in hangers suspended from the oor above the vats.

My machinery, as far as I haveA described it, will be recognized by the practical papermaker as composed of a series of distinct cylinder paper-making machines, euch of which is capable ot producing a separate and distinct web ot' paper. The several webs thus produced may be either united or nished separately, as may be desired, as will be here` inafter explained, at'ter the construction and arrangement of the rest of the machinery and apparatus have been described.

N, Figs. 2 and 5, is the save-all vat, arranged behind the vat- A7, which is the. farthest of the series A A7, 8vo., from the stuit-chest.

N is the reticulated rotating cylinder ruuning in the said vat, and N2 is the coucher running directly in contact with the said cylinder. The cylinder N may be itted and packed to one end of the vat in the same manv ner as the cylinders of eylinderpaper-machines, and have a suction-pipe, o', applied in the saine manner to produce a partial vacuum within the cylinder.

O is a scraper, set by adjusting screws s s lin a suitable xed position above the coucher to scrape the surface of the latter. The backwater, containing a greater or less quantity of pulp, escaping by the spout J, is delivered into the vat N, and by the action of the cylinder N" and its attached suction apparatus the pulp is extracted and taken up on the surface ot' the said cylinder, whence it is taken by the coucher. The revolution of the coucher in contact with the scraper causes the pulp to be scraped oft from -it and deposited in a suitable box, Of, or other receptacle. The water passes oft' by the suction-pipe r in the-samev manner as from a cylinder paper-making machine. This save-all may be used in connection with a single cylinder paper-making machine or with a Fourdrinier machine. ci

Pl P2 P3 P4 P5 :P6 PT PB and QI (af-"L23 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 are two tiers ot` steam drying-cylinders arranged in suitable bearings in a framing, R, erected on the upper hoor over the series of machines hereinbefore described,l the upper tier of cylinders being arranged overthe spaces between the lower ones.

u is an endless apron runnin g under the lowerl series of drying-cylinders upon a system of carrying-rolls, V V, so arranged as to keep it pressing `against a large portion of the-circumference of each of said cylinders 4for the purpose of holding the paper `or board in contact therewith as it passes under the said cylinders.

-S' S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S are calenderrolls, arranged above the upper drying-cylinders, to operate in combination with the said cylinders; and S2 is a calender-roll, arranged above the last drying-cylinder P2, to operate in combination therewith.

-T'- T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 -TT are calender-rolls, arranged in pairs, the'nnmber of pairs corresponding with the number of cylinder-machines on the lower door, four pairs being arranged above the drying-cylinders, and the other three pairs, beyond the end ofthe series of drying-cylinders, between it and the apparatus by which the paper or board is cut into sheets, and which will not be described until after the operation of making the paper or board has been described.v

t t t t are carrying-rolls, arranged above the calender-rolls T2 T3 T4 T5, and only used in making paper.

At the lefthand upper corner of Fig. 1 ther is represented an improved system of secondpress rolls, M'I M7 MT. These press rolls belong properly to the last machine of thevseries on the lower door, but are arranged on' the upper door, and have a separate felt, u. The improvement consists in the use of three inA stead ot' two, one arranged above the other two, which are arranged at such distances apart that the upper one may press upon both ot' them, and the web passing` between the upper one and both the lower'ones, and receiving two pressures with the use of but three rolls. i

The. several cylinder paper-making machines, and the several pressing-rolls,,dryingcylinders, and calender-rolls are driven by a suitable system or systemsof gearing, having motion communicated by water, steam, or other power.

`The manufacture of board, which is the principal purpose for which my machinery is designed, is performed in the following manner: Eachot' the machines upon the lower oorvproducesa separateweb, as though it were separately used for the manufacture of paper.` The web fw', from the first machine, after leaving its felt Land passing 4between the second pressrolls M', is deposited upon the web @v2 from the second machine while the. latter` is upon its felt l2, and before it passes between its wet press-rolls L2, and both ofthese webs pass together, and are pressed between the latter rolls and'between .thesecond press-rolls M2, and are depositediupon the third web, w3, after which i vshown in red color in Fig. 1, to the last-wet press-rolls, LT, by which all the webs rare pressed together, and from which they pass upward through the floor to the second-pressrolls MT.- The successi-ve pressing operations to which the webs or layers are subjected af-4 ter each additional webv or layer is applied causes them to be united by the natural ad- `hesiveness of the pulp, and the several webs `or layers are thus combined to form one thick web or board,which only requires to be dried andv calendered to be tit for the market,| being either cut up into sheets or not, according'as may be desired. The drying of the combinedv web or board y is performed by its passing alternately over the upper steam-'heated cylinders, Q Q2, Sto., and underthe lower ones, P P2, &c., as illustrated in the upper part of Fig. l, being calendered on one side in the drying operation by the rollsS to'S8, and on the opposite side by the roll S2, and after-l ward subjected to a final calendering operation on both sides by passingl between the several pairs of rolls T', T6, and T2, whence it may pass to a. roll or to the cutting machinery Fig. l, to the carrying-rolls q q, and thence tol the drying-cylinders. The several webs pass together round the drying-cylinders Q P' Q2 P2 and over Q2, ,and at the latter cylinder the upper web of paper is separated to pass singlyy over the carrying-rolls t t to the calender-I rolls T7, where it is calendered The other webs all pass together tothe cylinder Q, wheref wG is separated to pass over the carryingrollers t t to the calender-rolls T6, and the' rest severally pass onward between the cylinders till at suitable points in the train of cylinders 105, w, w3, and w2, are separated to pass respectively between the calender-rolls T5, T4, T3, and T2, the lo'wer web, fw', only pass-- ing through the whole train ofcylinders and passing singly to Vand between the rolls-T. The webs 'L05 L04 w3 102 pass from their respective calender-rolls over the rolls t t, and thence down under the rolls T6 andT-l, and the whole of the webs are brought together at the pair of delivery-rolls X, which carries them all together tov the cuttingnapparatus to:

be cut into sheets, or delivers them to rolls,y

vupon which they may be separately-rolled up as desired. l The cutting apparatus, which may be used, for either paper or boards, is composed of'fa,

.I stationary horizontal blade, and a verticallymoving horizontal blade, z, which works in.

Astationary guides 10 10 in the framing R,

The paper or boardis delivered by the rolls over the stationary blade x and under the moving one z, and cut by the descent of the latter at regular intervals into sheets of uniform length, which may be variedv by making the cutter descend more or less frequently. The blade z is driven by two cranks, 11, at opposite ends of a shaft, 12, and two rods, 13, connecting it with the said cranks. The shaft 12 derives rotary motion through a pair of eccentric gears, 23 44, through gearing from a shaft, 14, which carries one of a pair of cone- Vpulleys, l5 16, the other of said pulleys being upon a shaft, 17 which derives motion through a belt or gearing at auniform speed relatively to the calendering-rolls and the deliveringrolls X. The eccentric gears produce an aecelerated motion of the upper blade, z, as it comes in contact with the boa-rd or paper, and

thereby enable it to cut easily through any desirable thickness of board or paper. The belt 18, running around the cone-pulleys, has applied to it a shifter, 19,0perated by a screw, 20, by which the frequency with which the cutter descends relativelyv to the velocity at which the paper or board is delivered may be adjusted to regulateor varied to vary the length of the sheets. k

In front of the cutters there is a horizontal frame, Y, in which run a series of endless moving tapes or bands, 21, which, receiving the sheets one at a time as they lare eut off, carry them forward onto a swinging-dier or lay-boy','22, which by making half a reVolu-y. tion turns them over ,and dep'o ,its them upon.l

a piling-table, 25, Which desdnds Va distance equal to the thickness of one sheet everytime a sheet has been placed upon it. The iiier or lay-boy derives a horizontal reciprocating mo.

tion from two cranks, 28, on `opposite ends of the shaft 14, which are connected with its own shaft 22jt by two connecting-rods, 27, audits turning over is effected by means of two pinions, 29, on the shaft 22.*, working in racks 30 on lthe framing R. To enable the points of the flier-arms to pass under the sheet as the fiier moves back, and to prevent them from catching the front edge of the sheet, the frame Y is made capable of a slight tipping motion by having theend next the cutters arranged upon a horizontal shaft, 31. As the tlierfmoves toward the cutters to take the sheet, the turned-'up poi-nts of its arms pass under'inclined projections 32 on the frame Y, and so lift it up high enough to insure the armsv passing under the sheet. After the points of the arms have passed the projections 32, the frame Y drops onto the ixed rest 33 arranged between it, and in returning with the sheet the arms of the iiier pass over the said projections.

rlhe descent of the pilin g-table 25 is effected by means of two upright screws, 34, of similar pitch, attached firmly to its under side and passing through nuts secured firmly in the hubs of two spur-gears, 35,. of similar size,

which are geared together by an intermediate gear, 36. The gears 35 are prevented from moving vertically, and hence by turning them they are caused to produce a vertical movement of the screws and of the table. One of the gears 35 has applied to it a vibrating friction-dog, 37, which is connected by a rod, 38, with the arm 39 of ahorizontal rock-shaft, 40, which derives motion by being connected by a rod, 41, with the flier. The dog 37 is so iitted to a projecting flange on the gear that it will turn the gear in the direction to depress its screw, but not in the other direction. Y The two gears 35, being geared together, are

caused to be turned uniformly, and hence 'the table is kept perfectly level.

I will remark, in conclusion, that in carrying out my invention there may be instead of a single cylinder two or more cylinders working in each vat. g

I do not claim the invention of making boards of any description by one or more cylinder-molds with felts and pressrolls running until a sheet or board is of proper thickness to take oft' from roll by breaking it at a groove in the press-roll in its wet state a single board at a time; nor do I claim reeling the webs on reels and doubling the sheet from the reels and then passing it over the dryingmachine after having acquired aproper thickness; but

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- V 1.. 'Ihe arrangement and combination of two ,orI more `cylinder-molds,rats, felts, and pressrolls, substantially as herein` described, whereby in the same'macliine any desired number, of continuous webs of pulp of indefinite length may be either deposited one upon another for the continuous manufacture of boards, or may be kept separate from each other for the manufacture of several continuous distinct sheets of paperl v 2. The combination, with such a system of cylinder-molds, vats,.felts, and press-rolls, of a series of guiderolls, n n, for separating the several webs of pulp as they are delivered from the press-rolls, substantially as herein specified, in the manufacture of paper.

3. The combination of such a system of cylinder-molds as hereinabove specified and a continuous seriesof dryingcylindersf'and calendering-rolls in fsuch manner thatfthemanufacture of boards or of several webs of paper may be carried on bya continuousprocess, substantially as herein described.

4. The arrangement of the several spouts, G E J, pipes c, m, and j, valve 2,3 and selfaeting feedgate d, in combination with each other and with the several vats, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified. f

5. The save-all eomposedof a vat, a cylinder-mold, a coucher, and a seraper,con1bined` 6. The combination of press-rolls, illustrated passes over the driers and partially effect the by MT M7 M7 in Fig. 1, to obtain two pressures glazing and ealendering process while the from three rolls, as herein described. board is being` dried.

7. The employment of calenderrolls on the J OHN F. JONES. top of dryingcylinders, substantially as Witnesses: herein described, to:equalize the water in the HENRY S. REDFIELD,

v board and marke it of uniform dryness as it GEO. TRUEsDALE. 

